Anaesthesia and analgesia in fish

This webpage is a collection of links to papers and guidelines on anaesthesia and analgesia in fish.
Anaesthesia and analgesia of zebrafish is covered on a separate page.
General principles of anaesthesia and analgesia

Suggestions for additions are welcome and should be sent to post@norecopa.no.
Some links on Norecopa's webpages on cephalopods and on other aquatic species may also be relevant.
Anesthesia for fish in aquaculture research: presentations from a course in Bergen (6 March 2018)

References

• Special issue of Biology on "Anaesthetics and Analgesics Used in Aquatic Species" (2023)
• Brønstad (2022): Good Anesthesia Practice for Fish and Other Aquatics
• Leyden et al. (2022): Efficacy of Tricaine (MS-222) and Hypothermia as Anesthetic Agents for Blocking Sensorimotor Responses in Larval Zebrafish
• Schroeder et al. (2021): Anaesthesia of laboratory, aquaculture and ornamental fish: Proceedings of the first LASA-FVS symposium
• Florida Atlantic University IACUC (2020):  SOP for fish anesthesia, analgesia and biological sampling procedures - captive fishes
• Martins T et al. (2019): Anaesthetics and analgesics used in adult fish for research: A review.
• Chatigny et al. (2018): Updated review of fish analgesia.
• Anaesthetics and analgesics used in adult fish for research: a review (Martins et al., 2018)
• Readman GD et al. (2017): Species specific anaesthetics for fish anaesthesia and euthanasia
• Vila Pouca C & Brown C (2017): Contemporary topics in fish cognition and behaviour
• Sneddon LU (2015): Pain in aquatic animals
• Sneddon LU et al. (2014): Defining and assessing animal pain
• Physiological and behavioural evaluation of common anaesthesia practices in the rainbow trout (Pounder et al., 2018)
• An in-tank method of anaesthesia with MS222 is described in the paper Individual Monitoring of Immune Response in Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar following Experimental Infection with Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV) (Collet et al., 2015)
• Do fish perceive anaesthetics as aversive? (Readman et al., 2013)
• Anaesthesia of farmed fish with special emphasis on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) Zahl (2011)
• Goodman G (2009): Guidelines for anaesthesia and analgesia of fish. A presentation at Norecopa's international consensus meeting on Harmonisation of the Care and Use of Fish in Research.
• Horsberg TE (2005) Anaesthesis and humane killing, proceedings from a meeting.
• Kiessling A (2005) The use of anaesthetics and analgesics to implement the 3 R's: practical examples, proceedings from a meeting.
• Kreiberg H (2000) Stress and Anesthesia. In: G. K. Ostrander (Ed.) The Laboratory Fish. Academic Press, London, pp. 503-513.
• Poole T (1999) UFAW Handbook on The Care and Management of Laboratory Animals.  Volume 2: Amphibious & Aquatic Vertebrates & Advanced Invertebrates. Blackwell Science.
• Ross L, Ross B (2008): Anaesthetic and Sedative Techniques for Aquatic Animals Blackwell Publishing.
• Terrance HC, Leary SL (1999) Formulary for Laboratory Animals Blakwell Publishing.
• Brattelid T (1999) Kapittel 6: Anestesi, håndtering, kirurgiske inngrep og avliving av fisk, i Kompendium i forsøksdyrlære for fiskeforskere (Compendium from the Laboratory Animal Unit, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science).
• Uses and doses of local anesthetics in fish, amphibians and reptiles (Chatigny et al., 2017)
• Zahl IH, Samuelsen O & Kiessling A (2012): Anaesthesia of farmed fish: implications for welfare
• An overview of guidelines for anaesthesia and analgesia of fish (Goodman, 2009); Presentation
• Fish, amphibian and reptile anesthesia (Machin, 2001)
• Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) contain information on anaesthesia and restraint of fish and other aquatic species in a captive setting or wildlife studies.
• Tricaine mesilate (MS 222): Summary Report from the Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products, European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA), 1999.
• Pain and analgelsia in birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish (Stoskopf, 1994)