ABSTRACT

Search strategies and clearing houses for information on the Three Rs

Krys Bottrill
FRAME (Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments), Nottingham, UK


The first step in any search process on any subject, whether of a database or the Internet, is to define keywords which will form the basis of the searches. This can be done by an interative process, starting from literature that is already known to the searcher. When collecting keywords, it is important to be aware of the potential importance of synonyms, acronyms and spelling variants. It is useful to construct a search profile, so as to combine keywords in a meaningful manner and thus better express the topic of the search. This is normally done by means of Boolean operators, although other operators are also used by some Internet search engines. Some example search profiles will be discussed.

Awareness of the indexing policies of a database, and use of its thesaurus, can add greatly to the power of a search, especially in situations where initial attempts have not resulted in much relevant information being found. The choice of database is important. There can be significant variations between databases in their coverage of a topic, and also in the way in which it is indexed. While a search in a single database can be sufficient if only an indicative result is required, performance of an exhaustive search will require a number of databases to be used. A number of different types of databases will be briefly described.

The success of a search is influenced by a number of factors, which will be discussed. In the case of Internet searches, the choice of search engine can be crucial. Some tips for using search engines will be given. However, there is also information available on the Internet that cannot be found using a search engine. Resources which provide access to this 'Invisible Web' will be discussed. Finally, some web sites specifically relevant to the 3Rs will be described.


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