National Workshop/CME on Alternatives to Animal Experimentation in Medical Science Education
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Owner/Developer: Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC)
| Country: |
India |
|---|---|
| Languages: |
English |
| Url: |
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/76f3/24e9db172bb547989f3ff73befd8fbbf1225.pdf |
| Created: |
24 February 2014 |
| Founding source: |
Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) and Medical Council of India (MCI) |
| Locations: |
India |
| Description: | With a view to further propagate the concept of alternatives among the scientific community of India utilizing the experience of the department, a national workshop-cum-CME (continuing medical education) on Alternatives to Animal Experimentation was organized at JNMC on February 24-25, 2014. The program was supported with grants from MCI and AMU. Fifty-two participants (postgraduates in the fields of pharmacology, physiology, anatomy, Unani medicine, etc.) received hands-on-training on the latest software available to replace the use of animals in teaching fundamental concepts of medical sciences, especially physiology and pharmacology. The lectures and training were provided by persons from different parts of India. |
| Format: |
Hands-on training, Lecture |
| Presence: |
Optional / Voluntary |
| Content type: |
Theoretical, Practical |
| Duration: |
2 days |
| Group size: |
52 |
| Target audience: |
Students |
| Target sectors: |
Academia |
| Educational level: |
Continuing Professional Development, University (Master), University (Doctoral education) |
| 3rs relevance: |
Refinement, Reduction, Replacement |
| Topics covered: |
Computational methods |
| 3rs coverage: |
Full coverage (a dedicated course) |
| Details on the topic or technology covered: |
In the first keynote address Prof. Krishan Chandra Singhal, a leading pharmacologist, summarized how animals played crucial roles in development of not only drugs but also surgical procedures. He, however, emphasized that these potential benefits could be attained without subjecting experimental animals to any form of suffering. While speaking about alternatives to animal experiments, he advocated that a committee of knowledgeable scientists and educationists should share a common platform for discussing the pros and cons of alternatives to animal experimentation, assessing input required for educational set-ups and finding funds for the purpose. In the second keynote address Prof. Mohammad A. Akbarsha, Director and Chair, MGDC, explained that many animal experiments are not relevant to humans owing to species differences, particularly pertaining to phase I and phase II metabolic enzymes. He elaborated on the evolution of in vitro and in silico approaches in drug discovery and toxicology and introduced cell culture methods, Integrated discrete Multiple Organ Co-culture (IdMOC) technology, stem cell applications, tissue engineering, organ-on-chip, human-on-chip technologies and high-throughput approaches to screening of potential drug candidates and risk assessment as well as non-mammalian model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, zebrafish, drosophila and hydra. He explained how these alternatives could be equivalent to, or even better than, animal models. He quoted a passage from the Holy Quran stating that animals are like human beings and so need to be respected and treated with kindness. He stressed the need to work along the current trend of available and upcoming technologies in order to keep pace with global developments. CME lectures In the first lecture titled Historical perspectives of alternatives to animal experiments, Prof. Mohamed Mobarak Hossein traced the history of alternative methods, starting from the landmark book The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique by Russell and Burch in 1959. He explained that alternative methods have matured from a perceived or fabricated threat to biomedical research to an obvious opportunity for advancement without causing pain and distress to animals. Then, Dr Mohamed T. Salman spoke on The Scope of Alternatives to Animal Experimentation in Pharmacology. He described the way in vitro cell and tissue culture methods have reduced the use of rodents in the initial screening of potential new drugs. He also focused on examples of human skin equivalent tests (like EpiDerm, EpiSkin, SkinEthic, etc.) being used as alternatives to animal-based corrosive and irritation studies and of corneas from slaughtered cows or chicken eyes used for eye irritation studies. The final lecture was delivered on The Conception of Animal Simulators from Idea to Product: A Challenging Journey by a spokesperson of Elsevier who presented the way alternatives software is conceptualized and developed. Hands-on training in alternatives software The participants were divided into four groups. Parallel onehour sessions were conducted at four different stations: The participants received hands-on training on simulators/software made in India, such as ExPharm, ExPhysio and ExCology, by the software originators, Prof. Ramaswamy Raveendran (Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research [JIPMER], Pondicherry), Prof. Sandhya T. Avadhany (St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore), Prof. Mohammad A. Akbarsha (MGDC), Prof. S. K. Bajaj (Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi) and Prof. Chandragouda R. Patil (R. C. Patel College of Pharmacy, Dhule), in addition to other experts working in the same field. |
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